Prostata pirads 4, Despre Cancerul de Prostată

Cuvinte cheie hiperplazie benignă de prostată IRM multiparametrică cancer de prostată PI-RADS imagistică medicală Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH is a histologic diagnosis characterized by proliferation of the prostatic cellular elements. Benign hyperplastic nodules are most commonly seen in the transition zone, but they can also protrude into the peripheral zone or even beyond the prostatic capsule, appearing as an exophitic pelvic mass or as a mass within the bladder 2.

Usually, there is a direct relationship between prostate enlargement and symptoms severity, although many patients with small prostates also present urinary obstruction, because of the strategically position of the adenoma, sitting right on the bladder outlet 2.

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The initial evaluation should asses the frequency and severity of symptoms by using the International Prostate Symptom Score IPSS 4 and it should also include a digital rectal examination and urinalysis. Enlargement of the prostate associated with a palpable nodule and elevated PSA prostate specific antigen level requires imaging methods of diagnosis, such as transrectal ultrasonography which provides a more accurate assessment of prostate volume than digital rectal examination does 5 and MRI for the characterization of the prostatic tissue, due to its excellent contrast resolution.

Case report We present the case of a year-old patient who was referred to the urology department of our clinical institute three years ago, with lower urinary tract symptoms LUTS. PSA value was Digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography revealed an increased prostate. The patient was directed to our department, where we performed an MRI investigation, in order to rule out prostate cancer, possibly associated with BPH. A written consent was taken from the patient before entering the scanner room, after he was interviewed about his medical history, possible allergies, previous examinations and MRI contraindications.

An intravenous antispasmodic agent is routinely used, in order to decrease the artifacts generated by intestinal motility, after a venous line is secured.

IRM de prostată multiparametric este examinarea imagistică noninvazivă de elecție în evaluarea dimensiunilor, agresivității și extinderii tumorii în cancerul de prostată. Toate acestea ajută medicul radiolog să ofere un diagnostic corect. Informează medicul dacă ai orice fel de implant metalic stent cardiac, pacemaker, sterilet etc. Orice mișcare în timpul examinării duce la scăderea calității imaginii. Timpul va trece mai repede dacă închizi ochii și te relaxezi.

He was investigated on a Toshiba 1. High-resolution multiplanar T2 WI are morphological sequences ideal for the prostate anatomy evaluation.

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Dynamic contrast enhancement DCE and diffusion-weighted DWI are functional sequences, corresponding to angiogenesis and cellular density, respectively.

MR-spectroscopy MRS is another functional sequence that correlates with cellular turnover, but we do not perform it routinely. The scanning protocol is listed in Table 1. Contrast media is injected in a volume of 0.

Table 1. The routine multiparametric MRI protocol for prostate imaging used for the patient Imaging findings showed an enlarged prostate, with its three diameters of 51 mm, 61 mm and 41 mm longitudinal diameter, axial diameter and anteroposterior diameter, respectivelywith an estimated total volume of The transitional zone TZ appeared asymmetrically enlarged, predominantly on the right half of the prostate, which led to the compression of the urethra being displaced to the left and thinning the peripheral zone PZespecially on prostata pirads 4 right side of the base.

The PZ showed diffuse decreased signal intensity on T2WI and no restricted diffusion, typical aspect for chronic inflammatory lesions.

Cancerul de prostata – Spitalul Universitar de Urgenţă Militar Central Dr. Carol Davila

The TZ presented multiple small cystic areas and a multinodular structure because of the presence of stromal and glandular nodulesthe biggest one being located in the right middle third and apex of the TZ, with an axial diameter of 38 mm. We noticed a bulging aspect of the macronodule described in the right TZ, protruding into the neighboring PZ, with a central area of increased signal intensity on diffusion WI and decreased signal intensity on ADC map, but a negative dynamic contrast enhancing DCE curve Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1.

This particular right TZ nodule has been marked with a final PI-RADS score of 3, which prostata pirads 4 that the presence of clinically significant cancer is equivocal. Discussion BPH prostata pirads 4 appear as a mixture of signal intensities, ranging from hypointense to hyperintense on T2 WI, depending on the proportion of their stromal and glandular components.

They are well-delineated nodules that arise in the TZ, involving the periurethral regions, but sometimes they can bulge the surgical capsule, so they can be found in the PZ. The patient was referred for prostatic biopsy one month after the MR examination, considering the elevated PSA value, which revealed a benign appearance of the sample: polymorphic aspect on account of a chronic inflammatory, non-specific process.

Asiguratori parteneri

Retrospectively, we can conclude that DWI changes and elevated PSA value may be due to this chronic inflammatory, non-specific process. The patient received anti-inflammatory treatment and remained under urological surveillance. Conclusions Multiparametric MRI is a precious tool in prostata pirads 4 tissue characterization, completing clinical and biological information, but in case of BPH, a suspected prostate carcinoma in the TZ may represent a real challenge for the radiologist.

Often, biopsy is mandatory for a definitive differentiation between inflammatory lesions and prostate cancer. Bibliografie Lim KB. Epidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Comentarii

Asian J Urol. Foo KT. Diagnosis and treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia in Asia. Transl Androl Urol. Emberton M, et al.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia as a progressive disease: a guide to the risk factors and options for medical management. Int J Clin Pract. Liao CH, et al.

Despre Cancerul de Prostată

Diagnostic value of International Prostate Symptom Score voiding-to-storage subscore ratio in male lower prostata pirads 4 tract symptoms. Edwards JL. Diagnosis and management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

• Articole Examinarea RM multiparametrica a prostatei Cancerul de prostata CaP este cel mai frecvent tip cancer la barbat la nivel global si a treia cauza de mortalitate prin cancer in Europa.
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• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI is the best imaging modality for evaluating the prostate and accurately diagnose the prostatic carcinoma, especially in cases with aggressive and larger volume tumors.
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• Toate acestea ajută medicul radiolog să ofere un diagnostic corect.
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Am Fam Physician. Miah S, Catto J. BPH and prostate cancer risk.

Despre nutritie Pentru anumiti barbati, cea mai inteligenta miscare dupa stabilirea diagnosticului poate fi intarzierea tratamentului si urmarirea atenta a evolutiei cancerului.

Indian J Urol. Jones JS, et al. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.

American College of Radiology. Jordan EJ, et al.

• Formular de căutare Prostata este un organ care in mod normal are forma si dimensiunile aproximative ale unei castane cu varful orientat in jos, situata sub vezica urinara, strabatuta de uretra, prin care trece urina in timpul mictiunii.
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• El are o evolutie clinica lenta, insidioasa, fara manifestari imediate, net sesizabile, fiind de cele mai multe ori descoperit intimplator, in cadrul unui examen clinic general.
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Abdom Radiol NY. Xi Y, et al. Low-to-high b value DWI ratio approaches in multiparametric MRI of the prostate: feasibility, optimal combination of b values and comparison with ADC maps for the visual presentation of prostate cancer.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis: a must

Quant Imaging Med Surg. Alcaraz A, et al. Is there evidence of a relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

Findings of a literature review. Eur Urol.

CT protocol Dental Cancerul de prostată prezintă o problemă de sănătate în întreaga lume, fiind cel mai frecvent depistat cancer şi cea de-a doua cauză de deces la bărbaţi.

Pentru o perioadă foarte lun Lupescu Cancerul de prostată reprezintă o importantă problemă de sănătate publică. Imagistica prin rezonanţă magnetică IRM este cea mai bună modalitate d